Dr Socratis Loucaides

Biography

I am an ocean scientist with expertise in chemical oceanography and autonomous ocean observing. I have completed my undergraduate studies at the University of North Carolina and PhD at Utrecht University. Since then I have held research positions at the Marine Environmental Laboratory of the International Atomic Energy in Monaco, University of Southampton and since 2013 at the National Oceanography Centre, where I lead a team of scientists developing novel technologies for monitoring and understanding ocean biogeochemistry. As a principal investigator, I lead the development of carbonate sensor technologies and I am the technical innovation expert of ICOS-OTC (Integrated Carbon Observation System - Ocean Thematic Centre) in Europe. Current projects involve technology development for long-term sustained carbon observations, carbon dioxide removal/storage Monitoring Reporting and Verification (MRV) and capacity building for ocean acidification monitoring.

Projects

Next Generation Multiplatform Ocean Observing Technologies for Research Infrastructures (GEORGE) https://george-project.eu/

Developing Optimal and Open Research Support for the Black Sea (DOORS) https://www.doorsblacksea.eu/

Strategies for the Evaluation and Assessment of Ocean based Carbon Dioxide Removal (SEAO2-CDR) https://seao2-cdr.eu/

Explaining and Predicting the Ocean Conveyor (EPOC) https://www.epoc-eu.org/

Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme https://cmeprogramme.org/

Roles Provided

Head of Analytical Science team of the Ocean Technology and Engineering Group (NOC)

Technical Innovation lead of the ICOS-OTC (Integrated Carbon Observation System - Ocean Thematic Centre)

Profile photo

Publications

Publication year

2025

Publication type

Article

Authors

Halloran, Paul R.; Bell, Thomas G.; Burt, William J.; Chu, Sophie N.; Gill, Sophie; Henderson, Cameron; Ho, David T.; Kitidis, Vassilis; La Plante, Erika; Larrazabal, Monica; Loucaides, Socratis; Pearce, Christopher R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-2341; Redding, Theresa; Renforth, Phil; Taylor, Fran; Toome, Katherine; Torres, Riccardo; Watson, Andrew. 2025 Seawater carbonate chemistry based carbon dioxide removal: towards commonly agreed principles for carbon monitoring, reporting, and verification. Frontiers in Climate, 7. 10.3389/fclim.2025.1487138

Publication year

2025

Publication type

Article

Authors

Schaap, Allison ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-0516; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Mawji, Edward; Walk, John; Hammermeister, Emily ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1739-761X; Mowlem, Matthew; Loucaides, Socratis ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5285-660X. 2025 Autonomous sensor for in situ measurements of total alkalinity in the ocean. ACS Sensors, 10 (2). 795-803. 10.1021/acssensors.4c02349

Publication year

2025

Publication type

Article

Authors

Pickup, Daisy D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0003-7607; Bakker, Dorothee C. E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9234-5337; Heywood, Karen J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9859-0026; Glassup, Francis; Hammermeister, Emily M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1739-761X; Stammerjohn, Sharon E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1697-8244; Lee, Gareth A.; Loucaides, Socratis; Queste, Bastien Y. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-2275; Webber, Benjamin G. M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-5929; Yager, Patricia L.. 2025 Cold lenses in the Amundsen Sea: impacts of sea ice formation on subsurface pH and carbon. Ocean Science, 21 (6). 2727-2741. 10.5194/os-21-2727-2025

Publication year

2025

Publication type

Article

Authors

Cryer, Sarah E.; Evans, Claire ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-7057; Fowell, Sara E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-4725; Andrews, Gilbert; Brown, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1152-1114; Carvalho, Filipa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-4329; Degallerie, Diana; Ludgate, Jake; Rosado, Samir; Sanders, Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6884-7131; Strong, James A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-097X; Theophille, Derrick; Young, Arlene; Loucaides, Socratis. 2023 Characterizing reef net metabolism via the diel co‐variation of pH and dissolved oxygen From high resolution in situ sensors. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 37 (9). 10.1029/2022GB007577

Publication year

2023

Publication type

Article

Authors

Nehir, Münevver; Esposito, Mario; Loucaides, Socratis; Achterberg, Eric P.. 2022 Field application of automated spectrophotometric analyzer for high-resolution in situ monitoring of pH in dynamic estuarine and coastal waters. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9. 10.3389/fmars.2022.891876

Publication year

2022

Publication type

Article

Authors

Connelly, D.P.; Bull, J.M.; Flohr, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-5379; Schaap, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-0516; Koopmans, D.; Blackford, J.C.; White, P.R.; James, R.H.; Pearce, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-2341; Lichtschlag, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8281-2165; Achterberg, E.P.; de Beer, D.; Roche, B.; Li, J.; Saw, K.; Alendal, G.; Avlesen, H.; Brown, R.; Borisov, S.M.; Böttner, C.; Cazenave, P.W.; Chen, B.; Dale, A.W.; Dean, M.; Dewar, M.; Esposito, M.; Gros, J.; Hanz, R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-1599; Haeckel, M.; Hosking, B.; Huvenne, V. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-6360; Karstens, J.; Le Bas, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-782X; Leighton, T.G.; Linke, P.; Loucaides, S.; Matter, J.M.; Monk, S.; Mowlem, M.C.; Oleynik, A.; Omar, A.M.; Peel, K.; Provenzano, G.; Saleem, U.; Schmidt, M.; Schramm, B.; Sommer, S.; Strong, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-097X; Falcon Suarez, I. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-5165; Ungerboeck, B.; Widdicombe, S.; Wright, H.; Yakushev, E.. 2022 Assuring the integrity of offshore carbon dioxide storage. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 166, 112670. 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112670

Publication year

2022

Publication type

Article

Authors

Mowlem, Matt; Beaton, Alexander; Pascal, Robin; Schaap, Allison ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-0516; Loucaides, Socratis; Monk, Sam; Morris, Andrew ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5465-411X; Cardwell, Christopher L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-4174; Fowell, Sara E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-4725; Patey, Matthew D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8677-2818; Lopez-Garcia, Patricia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-2775. 2021 Industry partnership: lab on chip chemical sensor technology for ocean observing. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. 10.3389/fmars.2021.697611

Publication year

2021

Publication type

Article

Authors

Monk, Samuel A.; Schaap, Allison ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-0516; Hanz, Rudolf ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-1599; Borisov, Sergey M.; Loucaides, Socratis; Arundell, Martin; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Walk, John; Tong, Daisy; Wyatt, James; Mowlem, Matthew. 2021 Detecting and mapping a CO2 plume with novel autonomous pH sensors on an underwater vehicle. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 112, 103477. 10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103477

Publication year

2021

Publication type

Article

Authors

Yin, Tianya; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Rérolle, Victoire M.C.; Arundell, Martin; Cardwell, Christopher L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-4174; Walk, John; Palmer, Martin R.; Fowell, Sara E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-4725; Schaap, Allison ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-0516; Mowlem, Matthew C.; Loucaides, Socratis. 2021 A novel lab-on-chip spectrophotometric pH sensor for autonomous in situ seawater measurements to 6000 m depth on stationary and moving observing platforms. Environmental Science & Technology, 55 (21). 14968-14978. 10.1021/acs.est.1c03517

Publication year

2021

Publication type

Article

Authors

Possenti, Luca; Humphreys, Matthew P.; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Cobas-García, Marcos; Fernand, Liam; Lee, Gareth A.; Pallottino, Francesco; Loucaides, Socratis; Mowlem, Matt Charles; Kaiser, Jan. 2021 Air-sea gas fluxes and remineralization from a novel combination of pH and O2 sensors on a glider. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. 10.3389/fmars.2021.696772

Publication year

2021

Publication type

Article

Authors

Schaap, Allison ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-0516; Koopmans, Dirk; Holtappels, Moritz; Dewar, Marius; Arundell, Martin; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Hanz, Rudolf ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-1599; Monk, Samuel; Mowlem, Matthew; Loucaides, Socratis. 2021 Quantification of a subsea CO2 release with lab-on-chip sensors measuring benthic gradients. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 110, 103427. 10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103427

Publication year

2021

Publication type

Article

Authors

Possenti, Luca; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Atamanchuk, Dariia; Tengberg, Anders; Humphreys, Matthew P.; Loucaides, Socratis; Fernand, Liam; Kaiser, Jan. 2021 Norwegian sea net community production estimated from O2 and prototype CO2 optode measurements on a seaglider. Ocean Science, 17 (2). 593-614. 10.5194/os-17-593-2021

Publication year

2021

Publication type

Article

Authors

Omar, Abdirahman M.; García-Ibáñez, Maribel I.; Schaap, Allison ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-0516; Oleynik, Anna; Esposito, Mario; Jeansson, Emil; Loucaides, Socratis; Thomas, Helmuth; Alendal, Guttorm. 2021 Detection and quantification of CO2 seepage in seawater using the stoichiometric Cseep method: Results from a recent subsea CO2 release experiment in the North Sea. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 108, 103310. 10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103310

Publication year

2021

Publication type

Article

Authors

Cryer, Sarah; Evans, Claire ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-7057; Carvalho, Filipa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-4329; Fowell, Sara ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-4725; Martincic, Urska; Andrews, Gilbert; Rosado, Samir; Young, Arlene; de Ramon, Antoine; Loucaides, Socratis. 2021 Ecosystem composition and environmental factors as drivers of ph on barrier reefs. [Other] In: EGU General Assembly 2021, Online, 19-30 April 2021. EGU General Assembly 2021, online, European Geosciences Union.

Publication year

2021

Publication type

Conference item

Authors

Flohr, Anita ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-5379; Schaap, Allison ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-0516; Achterberg, Erik P.; Alendal, Guttorm; Arundell, Martin; Berndt, Christian; Blackford, Jerry; Böttner, Christoph; Borisov, Sergey M.; Brown, Robin; Bull, Jonathan M.; Carter, Liam; Chen, Baixin; Dale, Andrew W.; de Beer, Dirk; Dean, Marcella; Deusner, Christian; Dewar, Marius; Durden, Jennifer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109; Elsen, Saskia; Esposito, Mario; Faggetter, Michael; Fischer, Jan P.; Gana, Amine; Gros, Jonas; Haeckel, Matthias; Hanz, Rudolf ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-1599; Holtappels, Moritz; Hosking, Brett; Huvenne, Veerle ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-6360; James, Rachael; Koopmans, Dirk; Kossel, Elke; Leighton, Timothy G.; Li, Jianghui; Lichtschlag, Anna ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8281-2165; Linke, Peter; Loucaides, Socratis; Martínez-Cabanas, María; Matter, Juerg M.; Mesher, Thomas; Monk, Samuel; Mowlem, Matthew; Oleynik, Anna; Papadimitriou, Efstathios; Paxton, David; Pearce, Christopher ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-2341; Peel, Kate; Roche, Ben; Ruhl, Henry; Saleem, Umer; Sands, Carla; Saw, Kevin; Schmidt, Mark; Sommer, Stefan; Strong, James ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-097X; Triest, Jack; Ungerböck, Birgit; Walk, John; White, Paul; Widdicombe, Steve; Wilson, Robert Euan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2371-9080; Wright, Hannah; Wyatt, James; Connelly, Douglas. 2021 Towards improved monitoring of offshore carbon storage: A real-world field experiment detecting a controlled sub-seafloor CO2 release. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 106, 103237. 10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103237

Publication year

2021

Publication type

Article

Publication year

2020

Publication type

Article

Authors

Monk, Samuel; Arundell, Martin; Papadimitriou, Efstathios; Loucaides, Socratis; Schaap, Allison; Mowlem, Matthew. 2020 An autonomous in situ total dissolved inorganic carbon sensor miniaturised utilising microfluidic lab-on-chip technology. In: Ocean Sciences Meeting, San Diego, California, 16-21 February 2020.

Publication year

2020

Publication type

Conference item

Authors

Shi, Tingting; Wang, Ying; Zhao, Yidong; Loucaides, Socratis. 2019 Detecting the calcium carbonate saturation state under the stress of ocean acidification using saturometry technique. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 227. 062027. 10.1088/1755-1315/227/6/062027

Publication year

2019

Publication type

Article

Authors

Papadimitriou, Stathys; Loucaides, Socratis; Rérolle, Victoire M.C.; Kennedy, Paul; Achterberg, Eric P.; Dickson, Andrew G.; Mowlem, Matthew; Kennedy, Hilary. 2018 The stoichiometric dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater brines from 298 to 267 K. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 220. 55-70. 10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.037

Publication year

2018

Publication type

Article

Authors

Daniels, Chris J.; Poulton, Alex J.; Balch, William M.; Marañón, Emilio; Adey, Tim; Bowler, Bruce C.; Cermeño, Pedro; Charalampopoulou, Anastasia; Crawford, David W.; Drapeau, Dave; Feng, Yuanyuan; Fernández, Ana; Fernández, Emilio; Fragoso, Glaucia M.; González, Natalia; Graziano, Lisa M.; Heslop, Rachel; Holligan, Patrick M.; Hopkins, Jason; Huete-Ortega, María; Hutchins, David A.; Lam, Phoebe J.; Lipsen, Michael S.; López-Sandoval, Daffne C.; Loucaides, Socratis; Marchetti, Adrian; Mayers, Kyle M. J.; Rees, Andrew P.; Sobrino, Cristina; Tynan, Eithne; Tyrrell, Toby. 2018 A global compilation of coccolithophore calcification rates. Earth System Science Data, 10 (4). 1859-1876. 10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018

Publication year

2018

Publication type

Article

Authors

Loucaides, Socratis; Rerolle, Victoire M.C.; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Kennedy, Hilary; Mowlem, Matthew C.; Dickson, Andrew G.; Gledhill, Martha; Achterberg, Eric P.. 2017 Characterization of meta-Cresol Purple for spectrophotometric pH measurements in saline and hypersaline media at sub-zero temperatures. Scientific Reports, 7. 2481. 10.1038/s41598-017-02624-0

Publication year

2017

Publication type

Article

Authors

Rérolle, Victoire; Ruiz-Pino, Diana; Rafizadeh, Mehrad; Loucaides, Socratis; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Mowlem, Matthew; Chen, Jianfang. 2016 Measuring pH in the Arctic Ocean: Colorimetric method or SeaFET? Methods in Oceanography, 17. 32-49. 10.1016/j.mio.2016.05.006

Publication year

2016

Publication type

Article

Authors

Tyrrell, Toby; Loucaides, Socratis; Kelly-Gerreyn, Boris; Achterberg, Eric. 2010 Interactive comment on “On CO2 pertubation experiments: over-determination of carbonate chemistry reveals inconsistencies” by C.J.M. Hoppe et al. Biogeosciences Discussions, 7. C257.

Publication year

2010

Publication type

Article

Authors

Hydes, D.J.; Loucaides, S.; Tyrrell, T.. 2010 Report on a desk study to identify likely sources of error in the measurements of carbonate system parameters and related calculations, particularly with respect to coastal waters and ocean acidification experiments. Supplement to DEFRA contract ME4133 “DEFRApH monitoring project”. Southampton, UK, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, 53pp. (National Oceanography Centre Southampton Research and Consultancy Report 83)

Publication year

2010

Publication type

Monograph